In 2025 at Kilauea, the rocks went up, and the rocks went down. At 2,000 degrees, most still molten when they hit the ground, they lit up the sky and heated the air above and around. Tremendous pressure needs to underlie any reservoir of liquid to force it through a 50-foot-wide vent, Bernoulli-style, to heights topping 1,000 feet. That’s especially true when the liquid is heavy as stone, since…it is rock! Even on a cool night, upwind, a mile away, I sometimes got a pulse of radiative heat from this magnificent fountain.
3 W Volcano HI (19 Sep 25) Looking SW
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